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　　Liu Chi, born in 1984, is currently a professor and vice president of the School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology. His main research interests are green Internet of Things, big data crowdfunding and processing technology. In 2006, he obtained a bachelor’s degree from the Department of Electronic Engineering in Tsinghua University, and then received a doctor’s degree from Imperial College London, England in 2010. He studied under Professor Kin K. Leung, an academician of the European Academy of Sciences. At the IEEE International Conference on Big Data Intelligence and Computing held in Auckland, New Zealand in August this year, Liu Chi and his team’s papers stood out among 139 submissions and won the only best paper award at this conference.

　　When he pushed open the office door of Liu Chi, vice president and professor of the School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, he faced the whiteboard and looked at the "tree diagrams" connected by circles. At the moment of turning to shake hands, the reporter saw a pair of "flashing" eyes, with his typical "baby face" after 80, and the appearance was difficult to associate with the "dean".

　　But as soon as he opens his mouth, his extremely fast speech speed and professional jargon such as "data transaction", "internet of things" and "smart city" make the listener have to turn on the brain "high-energy mode" to keep up.

　　The "eloquent" on the three-foot podium every day made him not shy about being interviewed. Before the reporter asked questions, he went straight to the point: "Come directly, anyway, it is similar to giving classes to students every day."

　　Light the listener, he is handy.

　　Lagging behind the elite? This is not the style of Xueba.

　　Liu Chi, a Ph.D. student from Imperial College in Britain and a background in Tsinghua Electronics, has been on the road to learning hegemony from beginning to end. Liu Chi, who was born in an engineer’s family in Xicheng District, Beijing, speaks pure Beijing dialect. Since elementary school, Liu Chi seems to be "hanging up" academically, and he rushed into the gate of Beijing No.8 Middle School with a near perfect score. He chose "Electronics" because he was afraid of learning economic management without "one skill". After entering Tsinghua, he finally tasted the feeling of being "surpassed".

　　As soon as I arrived at the university in 2002, I reported that Liu Chi’s classmates were the top students in all provinces and cities in China. Among his roommates, two provinces won the second place, and the other won the international Olympic gold medal. "I am the most ‘ Food ’ A "Liu Chi laughed.

　　After the first semester of freshman year, Liu Chi scored an average of about 84, ranking lower in grade. "This is not my style." The small universe of Xueba was ignited by competitive spirit. After a semester’s efforts, Liu Chi ranked in the top 20% of Tsinghua Electronics Department with more than 180 people and returned to Xueba list.

　　Even if he is a master of learning, his evaluation of himself is "I feel that my IQ is not high, but my emotional intelligence and personal perseverance are relatively strong."

　　In 2006, when he graduated, the University of Cambridge and Imperial College London both gave him an olive branch with full prizes. "I want to go to a bigger stage to see it." Liu Chi made an important choice in his life to enter Imperial College London to pursue a doctoral degree directly.

　　Hands-on experiment turns to "pulling out seedlings to encourage" ability improvement

　　Liu Chi, who doesn’t have a master’s degree until today, entered the Department of Electronic Engineering in Imperial College London, and the first project of studying PhD was the sixth framework project of the European Union — — A large-scale telecom joint research that brings together seven member units of the European Union to do Mesh intervention in wireless metropolitan area network.

　　Liu Chi, who won the full prize, needs to study in the Department of Electronic Engineering of Imperial College London for one year on the basis of graduation. From September 2006 to May 2007, Liu Chi was like a headless "fly" and couldn’t find the direction.

　　Liu Chi’s undergraduate studies in China are general knowledge, but he has no ability to solve cutting-edge scientific problems. His tutor, Kin K.Leung, a professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering in Imperial College London and an academician of the European Academy of Sciences, only pointed out a general direction for him, and most importantly, there were language obstacles.

　　One year, can there be any change? Xueba’s small universe was once again ignited by indomitable perseverance.

　　Within an hour on the way to school every day, Liu Chi spends all his time calling various customer service. "The customer service’s English is good and his attitude is good." In this way, his English has improved rapidly, but this does not mean professional success.

　　In nine months, Liu Chi’s weekly meeting with his tutor ended in failure. He insists on reading 10 professional papers every week and writing a report to his tutor. The response is: "If you can’t, I can’t support you anymore."

　　Liu Chi, who made up his mind not to learn and never return to China, made a major decision in May 2007 — — Stop reading articles and start practicing. When Liu Chi realized a network environment, he was suddenly enlightened, and at the same time he received the praise of his tutor for the first time: "What you did was right, very good!" "

　　However, the mentor’s expectation for Liu Chi does not stop there. Whether it is a paper or an academic conference, Kin K.Leung encourages Liu Chiduo to "brush the sense of existence". Time and time again, Liu Chiyu’s wings are gradually full.

　　Abandoning enterprises to teach and nurturing frontier scientific and technological dreams

　　After graduating from Ph.D. in September, 2010, Liu Chi successively entered German Telecom Research Institute (Berlin) and IBM China Research Institute as a postdoctoral researcher. After two and a half years, Liu Chi saw the application of scientific research results in industry and industry here, which benefited him a lot.

　　Liu Chi participated in the research and development of two projects at IBM: one was to design the "Internet of Things Application Technology Architecture" with the government of Qinhuangdao Development Zone, and the other was to develop a monitoring system for internal data traffic with Lufthansa. The full participation of these two projects has also accumulated first-line practical experience for Liu Chi’s future teaching. "I know what the industry is looking at and doing, so that I can better apply my research."

　　Liu Chi, who was still working at IBM in 2012, often said, "I have two jobs, one with money and the other without money; Those who have money go to work normally, and those who have no money make full use of all the rest time, write papers and do research. "

　　At that time, for a long time, the company’s research was aimed at the needs of the market, and Liu Chi could not do free technical exploration. And he has his own vision for technology. "I hope to achieve greater value in life, and the cutting-edge scientific and technological development was born in my hands." The cutting-edge science and technology may not produce value in two or three years.

　　So, in 2013, under the joint recommendation of Academician Wu Hequan, Vice President of China Academy of Engineering, and Professor Kin K.Leung, Liu Chi finally realized his ultimate dream of pursuing the forefront of technology and abandoned his enterprise to teach — — Step onto the platform of Beijing Institute of Technology.

　　When he just returned to campus as an associate professor, Liu Chi’s income was only "one-third" of the previous one, but "he finally had his own laboratory". What many people see as "trading at a loss" makes "technical coffee" Liu Chi feel full of happiness.

　　With a sense of well-being, Liu Chi, an "associate professor" born in 1980s, published more than ten SCI papers in the field of Internet of Things in just one year, and was awarded as a full professor by the school in 2014. Due to Liu Chi’s outstanding contribution to the transmission and processing of big data in the green Internet of Things, he was selected as the only candidate recommended by the national industrial and information system in 2015 as the "National Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security’s Support Program for High-level Overseas Students Returning to China" and was named as an advanced individual in the national "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" in 2016.

　　Side by side with the teacher from data beyond data

　　Liu Chi’s office is very simple: there is no sofa, except a desk, a conference table and several folding chairs. "It is just to facilitate the discussion of technical issues with students."

　　Liu Chi has been reluctant to erase the tree transmission structure diagram on the whiteboard, because it was the "spark" left by Kin K.Leung when he came to Beijing to discuss the new project in February this year.

　　"The content of the project is to use swarm intelligence perception and big data technology to conduct real-time dynamic monitoring of people flow and abnormal situations in places where large crowds gather, such as railway stations and airports." Liu Chi told reporters that the traditional monitoring of people flow is through cameras, but it is very difficult to achieve 360-degree coverage without dead ends in such a large place, so he proposed to use smart terminals carried by people. Under the condition that the camera observes a large area, the fine information provided by the intelligent terminal carried by people is used to further lock the possible abnormal situation.

　　The sensor data tree structure connected by circles on the whiteboard is about data collection and transmission analysis. One circle represents an intelligent terminal, and the information needs to be transmitted from one node to another. In the transmission process, the information needs to be preprocessed.

　　When discussing the technical details, they drew such a system architecture diagram, including how to collect, transmit and compress data, and finally how to analyze and process data in the cloud, which became the "baby" in Liu Chi’s office.

　　For the application and development of big data in the field of smart cities, Liu Chi said that big data is by no means a simple data analysis. The highest realm is to "come from data and surpass data" to achieve collaborative perception and intelligent decision-making of "people, machines and things".

　　Beijing Institute of Technology is only a few stops away from Zhongguancun Venture Street. As a post-80 s scholar, Liu Chi is not impetuous in Zhongguancun, but rigorous in science and engineering, and at the same time has the ability of orator’s talkativeness and logical self-consistency. More importantly, he respects and cherishes the podium.

"A set of 100 yuan, including photos of the front and back of the ID card, photos of holding the ID card and videos of nodding, shaking your head and opening your mouth." On some social platforms and websites, many sellers clearly priced the face recognition video, and also guaranteed that the verification video sold could pass the verification process of most APP platforms.

threemoon30SolsticefourmoonfiveOn the day, the Beijing News reporter found that most of these underground black goods transactions were hidden inQQIn the group and overseas websites, among themQQGroup names mostly include keywords such as "face-crossing" and "recognition technology", so as to facilitate buyers to retrieve relevant information.

existAPPIn the black production of platform face verification, a set of verification videos with a price of 100 yuan belongs to "high quality" products, because the dynamic verification videos recorded by real people are used, and the verification pass rate is high. There is also a low-cost face authentication method, that is, using dynamic software to make face photos into "dynamic videos" and cooperating with "plug-in" software for verification.

"A low-cost set costs only a few dollars, and if the demand is large, it can even be as low as0.5Yuan a set. "A seller said that the success rate of face dynamic verification mainly depends on the degree of detail in the dynamic processing of photos, but the video recorded by real people can definitely do it.100%Yes.

Regarding the sale of face recognition information, Zhao Zhanling, a lawyer of Beijing Yunjia Law Firm, said that according to the Civil Code, citizens have civil rights to personal information, and illegally collecting and selling other people’s information without their consent would constitute civil infringement. The facial feature information of a person is the information that can directly identify the true identity of a specific natural person, which belongs to the category of personal information. It is suspected of violating the law to buy and sell personal information without the consent of the user.

In QQ group, searching for the keyword "face recognition" will lead to many groups selling black goods. screenshot

"keep pace with the times" black goods trading

When registering for face verification in Weibo, Ms. Zhang was reminded that her ID card information had been registered, but she had not downloaded and used Weibo before.

Ms. Zhang consulted micro-blogging service and learned that if you sweep your face and register for Weibo, you will be prompted."This ID card has been bound to other accounts" or "ID card usage exceeds the limit" because the ID card has been bound to other accounts. At present, an ID number can be bound.2Weibo account, when the number of accounts bound with ID number reaches the upper limit, the current ID number can no longer be used for verification.

"My information must have been leaked." Ms. Zhang said that she usually pays more attention to the protection of personal information. The ID card has not been used anywhere except for going to school, getting a bank card, calling card, staying in a hotel and buying a ticket.

Ms. Zhang’ s experience is not unique. Many netizens have posted that they are registering in Weibo.QQ, WeChat official account, etc., found that personal identity information was stolen.

With the increase in the number of personal information being fraudulently used, network-related feedback and complaints have also increased, followed by majorAPPThe security verification upgrade of the platform takes dynamic face recognition as the security verification method. existAPPIn the iteration of platform security verification and upgrade, practitioners of this black industrial chain are also taking advantage of loopholes to "study" how to solve this "dilemma". With the development of Internet real-name registration system, this black goods interest chain has been upgraded from collecting and selling names and ID numbers to collecting and selling hand-held ID photos, face videos and photo dynamic processing software.

A black seller who sells personal information in the dark net introduced a set of photos of the front and back of ID cards, photos of holding ID cards and videos of people nodding and shaking their heads.100Yuan, a large quantity can be discounted, if you buy it at one time.100Set, the price can be lowered to10A set of yuan, "if the quantity is small, it is really not cheap, and the cost of collecting this information is also high."

Then, the other party sent two videos of opening mouth, blinking, nodding and shaking head recorded by others, saying"These are videos recorded by real people, verifying most of them.APPNo problem, it is higher than the dynamic video pass rate of photo processing. "

In a QQ group of more than 1,700 people, new people join every day to buy face recognition verification technology. screenshot

Most of the live verification videos come from "online part-time job"

A number of black sellers said that their development included borrowing money and making money on foot.APPThe information it sells comes from users downloading and registering these.APPCollected at the time, "most of these people are factory workers, and some network part-time workers."

However, these networks brush up part-time workers and don’t know what they are doing.APPWhen authenticating the list, it will reveal privacy.

Ms. Bai, from Shanxi, told the Beijing News reporter that she started to do some online part-time jobs such as brushing bills six months ago. Sometimes when the amount of brushing bills is limited, she will do some.APPA list of certifications.

Ms. Bai said that these orders need to scan the QR code provided by the other party to download.APPThen carry out real-name authentication. Most of the real-name authentication processes will allow uploading photos of the front and back of the ID card and face recognition, and then the registration will be successful. A list is probablyfiveYuan Dynasty (1206-1368)-15Yuan, some certification requirements are complicated and the price will be higher.

In the part-time billing, some only need to upload their names and ID numbers, so that each billthreeYuan, the price of face recognition may be more than ten yuan. Ms. Bai said, yesAPPIn face authentication, it will be easier to blink and shake your head a little, or the face will be closer.

"I didn’t expect anyone to collect personal information in this way, and I have never heard of anyone collecting dynamic videos of face recognition." Ms. Bai said that she just started to pick this up.APPWhen I registered the list, I hesitated when I encountered the verification of identity and face information, but later I felt that everyone in the group was taking orders, and I didn’t hear anyone say anything was wrong, so I started to do so.

The data leakage caused by part-time billing certification should be considered a minority. There have been media reports, there are80%The disclosure of personal information data is caused by employees within the enterprise.

Many black vendors also recognize this statement. Some vendors revealed that most of the photos of hand-held ID cards circulating in the market today were leaked during the brutal development of microfinance platforms and companies, and some of them were collected from various industries. This kind of information transaction and use will not be found under normal circumstances."At that time, many people borrowed money and didn’t pay it back. The platform took out this information and sold it. It was quite expensive at first, and now it is cheaper to resell it layer by layer."

In addition, today’s daily useAPPFace information needs to be recognized and collected on occasions such as entering and leaving stores, and some people collect information in the name of face recognition technology development and system testing.

In the network, the Beijing News reporter noticed that someone posted information about recruiting information collectors. The job content is to collect ID cards and face information in the countryside, and edible oil, pots and other commodities can be given as gifts.

A face recognition verification data package sold by a black manufacturer, including software and tutorials. screenshot

"Four-piece set" of black production circle

Compared with real-life video recording, it is cheaper to dynamically process the face in the photo to form a verification video through software.

threemoon31On the day, the Beijing News reporter passedQQGroup search by conditions, enter keywords such as "face" and "recognition technology" in the search box, and there will be many correlations.QQGroup. Reporters joined at random.sixindividualQQGroups find that members in these groups are from100Yu ren Dao1700The rest of the people wait, and new members join from time to time.

QQIn the group, from time to time, some people publish information about selling micro-signals and face-changing software, and at the same time, some people are consulting how to dynamically process the people in the photos and verify them through face recognition.

In addition, after the Beijing News reporter joined the group as a person who needed to buy face authentication technology and software,threeWithin an hour, many black information sellers added friends to reporters to understand the needs.

These black sellers said that they sell software such as photo matting and dynamic processing to make the characters in the photos open their mouths, blink, shake their heads left and right and nod up and down. After that, open it through a specific mobile phone."Plug-in" for face recognition, "We generally use it to verify WeChat,QQThere are more momos, and other software can also verify faces. "

threemoon31A merchant engaged in the sale of black goods was in hisQQSpace release news said that due to the upgrade of WeChat security verification, it has been unable to pass face recognition verification for the time being, and I am studying ways.fourmoonthreeThe merchant said that he had overcome the new security verification and could take orders.

In addition, these merchants also sell positive and negative photos of ID cards, photos of hand-held ID cards and photos with faces, which are commonly known in the black production circle as"Four-piece set", the price of each set is in0.5YuanzhithreeYuan is not equal.

When asked about the source of these photos, merchants began to be cautious during the chat. Finally, the Beijing News reporter said that there was a large demand for four-piece information, and a seller said that someone was specially responsible for collecting it, and he bought it from others and then sold it.

Personal information sold by black sellers, including ID numbers and photos. screenshot

Open "plug-in" software for face recognition

Whether it’s real-life video recording or photo dynamic processing, after completionAPPThe important tools for face dynamic verification are mobile phones and plug-in software.

The Beijing News reporter learned from asking black sellers that they spent money on second-hand trading platforms.200You can buy a second-hand brand with more than one yuan.R9Mobile phone, and then insert the brush package into the mobile phone.

partAPPIn the process of face recognition and verification, the screen will turn into red, yellow and blue to verify the brightness of the face, but the verification can also be completed by using relevant plug-in software.

"The purpose of brushing the mobile phone is to gain more rights to operate the mobile phone." For the principle of face recognition verification after photo dynamic processing, two black sellers said that whenAPPWhen you need to verify the face through the camera, cover the camera with your hand, and the "plug-in" of the mobile phone will start. By modifying the relevant data and settings, the dynamic face video prepared in advance will be imported into.APP, the authentication is completed.

"The pass rate of live-action videos is definitely high. The photo processing depends on talent. There is no guarantee that you can pass every verification. It depends on whether the dynamic video of your face is detailed. If the first verification fails, it will be verified several times, and it may pass later. " A black seller said that stealing other people’s informationAPPAccount registration and verification is illegal, and the state has cracked down hard, so I only sell software and teaching, and I won’t directly operate it.

According to the tip of the black seller, the Beijing News reporter spent500Yu Yuan bought an Android phone and a set of dynamic processing software and teaching, which were attached by the black seller.30Set of photos of the front and back of the ID card and the photo of the hand-held ID card.

In the actual experience process, according to the seller of black products, use a brand that has been brushed.R9Mobile phone, save the processed face dynamic video on this mobile phone and open it.APPIf you cover the camera with objects and make the camera in a black screen state, you can successfully pass the security verification.

The Beijing News reporter used this method and passed the face recognition on the platforms of exploration and Zhaopin recruitment.

The customer service staff told the Beijing News reporter that if personal identity information is found to be stolen, it can only be reflected to the platform after the user finds it. After that, the user needs to provide his identity information to the platform for review. After the review is passed, the platform will ban the authenticated account. They will give feedback on the vulnerability of face recognition authentication on the exploration platform.

The customer service staff of Zhaopin, Momo and other platforms all said that there is no good response to false face recognition at present, and the situation will be fed back later.

A black vendor sells real-life face recognition videos and bids for a set of 150 yuan. screenshot

Lawyer: It is illegal to sell face information privately.

There are many cases in which personal information is illegally used after being sold.

On the China refereeing document online, a criminal judgment about face recognition verification shows that from2018yearsevenSince January, defendants Zhang, Yu and others have used their personal identity information to register Alipay accounts for the purpose of making profits, and used software to make photos of citizens’ heads into citizens.3DAvatar, so as to pass Alipay face recognition authentication.

In this way, you can get the corresponding red envelope rewards (including the red envelope for inviting newcomers, the red envelope for general consumption, the red envelope for flowers, etc.) provided by Alipay for inviting new Alipay users, and each newly registered Alipay can at least get it.28Yuan income. As of the time of the incident, the gang illegally collected nearly2000Ten thousand pieces of citizenship information, using the personal identity information of others, successfully registered at least547A real-name Alipay account that has passed face recognition authentication, making a profit.fourTen thousand yuan.

Zhao Zhanling, a lawyer of Beijing Yunjia Law Firm, said that facial feature information of a person can directly identify the true identity of a specific natural person, which belongs to the category of personal information. It is illegal or even criminal to buy and sell personal information without the consent of the user.

According to the provisions of the Civil Code, citizens enjoy civil rights to personal information, and illegally collecting and selling other people’s information without their consent will constitute civil infringement. In addition, the Criminal Law Amendment IX stipulates the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information. Buying and selling highly sensitive personal information reaches a certain amount, which meets the criteria for filing a case stipulated in the judicial interpretation of the two courts. In this process, both the buyer and the seller are suspected of violating citizens’ personal information.

After the personal information of a natural person is illegally bought and sold by others, it is used for some illegal or even criminal acts, so he does not bear legal responsibility for it. However, proof is needed to prove that personal information was illegally obtained and stolen by others. There are many criminal cases concerning personal information, and public security organs arrest a large number of criminal suspects who infringe citizens’ personal information every year.

Beijing News reporter Liu Mingyang

Editor gan Hao

Proofread Junyan Zhang

　　We solemnly declare that China and Africa will establish a new strategic partnership featuring political equality and mutual trust, win-win economic cooperation and cultural exchanges and mutual learning. And to this end: 1. Strengthen high-level exchanges, conduct strategic dialogues and enhance political mutual trust; 2. Strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation, expand cooperation areas, and focus on strengthening cooperation in agriculture, infrastructure construction, industry, fisheries, information, medical and health care and human resources training to achieve complementary advantages; 3. Strengthen the exchange and reference of governance and development experience; 4. Strengthen people-to-people dialogue and promote contacts between people, especially the younger generation; 5. Strengthen international cooperation; 6. Promote the construction of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation;

7. Proceed from the overall situation of China-Africa friendship and the long-term interests of both sides, and properly handle new issues and challenges arising from cooperation.　　<宣言全文>

[Hot Review of Grand Meeting] > > China and Africa choose each other to build a harmonious world.
　　　　Guangming Daily: Interestingly, some of them compare the western developed countries to Africa’s "old friends" and China to Africa’s "new partners", and make a comparison between "old friends" and "new partners":

　　　　"Old friends" are condescending to Africa, comparing themselves to "bosses" and treating Africa as "small" friends and "subordinates" rather than equal colleagues; The "new partners" treat Africa as equals and are partners, comrades and "partners" with each other.

　　　　"Old friends" said to Africa, we will help you; "New Partners" said to Africa, "Let’s develop together with you. > > China-Africa relations-friends, brothers and partners
　　　　[People’s Daily]: The Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, which was jointly initiated by China and Africa, was attended by representatives of 48 African countries, including 42 heads of state and government. The Beijing Summit received warm response and strong support from so many African leaders, indicating that China-Africa friendship has a solid foundation and won the hearts of the people. The Beijing Summit is an excellent opportunity for Chinese and African leaders to participate in China-Africa friendship and seek common plans for China-Africa cooperation.

> > China’s Africa policy keeps pace with the times.
　　　　People’s Daily: Establishing a new strategic partnership between China and Africa is an inherent need of China-Africa cooperation and an inevitable requirement for promoting world peace and development. People are convinced that with the successful convening of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China-Africa relations will surely enter a new stage of development. This is not only conducive to the development and progress of China and Africa, but also to the unity and cooperation of developing countries and the establishment of a just and rational new international political and economic order.

[Message from African leaders]　< more >

　　　　"China is a true friend of the African people" and "an important pole of the world worthy of the trust of developing countries".

-Namibian President Nujoma

　　　　Cooperation has brought benefits to both sides.

-Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles

　　　　"China’s cooperation with Africa has brought much-needed technology and capital to Africa and created employment opportunities for African people. Look at these, who dares to say that such mutually beneficial cooperation is’ colonialism’? "

-President Kufuor of Ghana 　

[Senior African officials talk about Beijing Summit]　< more >　

　　Cape Verde Ambassador to China de Moraes: Our cooperation should be based on dialogue among ordinary people, which is a new type of cooperative relationship. 　　Dos Santos, Ambassador of Guinea-Bissau to China: The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation has achieved remarkable results in the past six years. I hope that this Beijing summit will not be like the summits held in some places, but will achieve more pragmatic results. 　　Ambassador Ragauer of Seychelles: The main spirit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation is win-win. On the basis of political cooperation, we should vigorously advocate cooperation in the economic, social and cultural fields. [User Original]　<进入评论> Hailaer Eagle-Initiating a New Era of China-Africa Cooperation and Development
> > detailed Li Huaxin 1-Looking forward to China-Africa economic and trade cooperation entering a new era
> > detailed